I suppose if you have a scale for the span of distance shown on the image, you can then select spots on the image to be measured and compute the distance between click spots using the given scale.
I wrote a javascript program several years ago (before Google Maps) to measure the distance on a map. It displays a map with a scale and requires you to select the scale from a drop down and then click and move the cursor on the maps's scale bar to calibrate the number of pixels/distance. After setting the scale, You can the click on the map and move the cursor to where you want the distance measured. The distance is displayed in a textbox at the top.
Here is a link for a demo:
Measure trip distance