You do not need to nested it. It is an option. You can do anything you like.
Type: Posts; User: newbie
You do not need to nested it. It is an option. You can do anything you like.
On the variable part of the question, the best resources is Shadowing. Hopefully this lets you understand the relation a little better.
The quick and simple answer is Encapsulation. This is an Object Oriented principle which essentially states you need to limit the access users have to your API. You should only be exposing what...