Not sure what type of variable to use.

[mjpam]

I'm not what type of variable to use to achieve my desired result.

What I want is a variable that can be initialized differently in each instantiation of the class but cannot be reassigned another value after it has been initialized. In essence, I want a final-like variable whose value can differ between object of a given class.

[copeg]

You could initialize the final variable in the constructor. For example

public class Example{
 
    final int value;
 
    public Example(int val){
        this.value = val;
    }
}

[aussiemcgr]

Well, you can initialize a final in the constructor. I found this code online:

// : c06:BlankFinal.java
// "Blank" final fields.
// From 'Thinking in Java, 3rd ed.' (c) Bruce Eckel 2002
// www.BruceEckel.com. See copyright notice in CopyRight.txt.
 
class Poppet {
  private int i;
 
  Poppet(int ii) {
    i = ii;
  }
}
 
public class BlankFinal {
  private final int i = 0; // Initialized final
 
  private final int j; // Blank final
 
  private final Poppet p; // Blank final reference
 
  // Blank finals MUST be initialized in the constructor:
  public BlankFinal() {
    j = 1; // Initialize blank final
    p = new Poppet(1); // Initialize blank final reference
  }
 
  public BlankFinal(int x) {
    j = x; // Initialize blank final
    p = new Poppet(x); // Initialize blank final reference
  }
 
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new BlankFinal();
    new BlankFinal(47);
  }
} ///:~

source: Blank final fields : FinalLanguage BasicsJava

[mjpam]

First , thank you for your helpful replies.

This is actually for an assignment for an online course.

This is what I have so far:

import java.awt.*;
 
class Rectangle
{
     private int length;
     private int width;
     private int area;
     private int min = 10;
     private int max = 100;
     final int ID = 67;
     private Color color;
     private Graphics g;
 
 
     Rectangle()
     {
         length = min;
         width = min;
         color = Color.black;
     }
 
     Rectangle (int w)
     {
          if(w < min || w > max)
          {
               System.out.print("Invalid dimesion");
               System.exit(0);
          }
          else
          {
               length = width = w;
          }
     }
 
     Rectangle (int l, int w)
     {
          if((w < min || w > max) || (l < min || l > max))
          {
               System.out.print("Invalid dimesion");
               System.exit(0);
          }
          else
          {
               length = l;
               width = w;
          }
     }
 
     Rectangle (int l, int w, Color c)
     {
          if((w < min || w > max) || (l < min || l > max))
          {
               System.out.print("Invalid dimesion");
               System.exit(0);
          }
          else
          {
               length = l;
               width = w;
               color = c;
          }
     }
 
     int computeArea ()
     {
        return area = length * width;
     }
 
     void drawAt (Graphics g, int x, int y)
     {
          g.drawRect(x, y, length, width);
          g.setColor(color);
          g.fillRect(x, y, length, width);
          g.setColor(Color.black);
     }
 
     void setLength (int l)
     {
          length = l;
     }
 
     void setWidth (int w)
     {
          width = w;
     }
 
     int getLength ()
     {
         return length;
     }
 
     int getWidth ()
     {
         return width;
     }
 
     boolean equals(Rectangle rect)
     {
          if (rect.length == length && rect.width == width)
          {
              return true;
          }
          else
          {
               return false;
          }
     }
}

The instructor gave us a test class:

 
class RectangleTest
{
     public static void main(String a[])
     {
          Rectangle r1=new Rectangle(30,40);
          Rectangle r2=new Rectangle();
          Rectangle r5=new Rectangle(25);
          Rectangle r3=new Rectangle(35,20);
          Rectangle r4=new Rectangle(35,20);
 
          System.out.println(r1.computeArea()); //1200.
          System.out.println(r2.computeArea()); //100.0
          System.out.println(r2.getWidth()); //10.0
          System.out.println(r2.getLength()); //10.0
 
          r2.setWidth(20);
          r2.setLength(15);
 
          System.out.println(r2.computeArea()); //300.0
          System.out.println(r3.computeArea()); //700.0
          System.out.println(r4.computeArea()); //700.0
          System.out.println(r5.computeArea()); //625.0
          System.out.println(r1.ID); //1
          System.out.println(r3.ID); //4
 
          //r2.ID = 99; //will cause error
 
          System.out.println(r1.equals(r2)); //false
          System.out.println(r3.equals(r4)); //true
     }
}

I am trying to build my class around the restrictions implied by the method calls in the test class, so I'm wondering if there is a way to initialize each instance of a final variable without adding a parameter to the constructor.

[helloworld922]

Will randomly generated ID's work? If not, you can always use the hashCode() function to assign a more or less unique ID as long as you use the default Object class's hashCode() method.

public final int ID;
 
public Rectangle(int width, int height)
{
     ID = hashCode();
     // other initialization
    ....
}

This is the reason the have encapsulation, because you could easily create a private member and only have a getter method to retrieve it's value, but never set it.

// A better solution, but you're teacher/professor probably doesn't want you to use this yet
private final int ID;
 
public Rectangle(int width, int height)
{
     ID = hashCode();
     // other initialization
    ...
}
 
public int getID()
{
    return ID;
}

[mjpam]

Will randomly generated ID's work? If not, you can always use the hashCode() function to assign a more or less unique ID as long as you use the default Object class's hashCode() method.

public final int ID;
 
public Rectangle(int width, int height)
{
     ID = hashCode();
     // other initialization
    ....
}

This is the reason the have encapsulation, because you could easily create a private member and only have a getter method to retrieve it's value, but never set it.

// A better solution, but you're teacher/professor probably doesn't want you to use this yet
private final int ID;
 
public Rectangle(int width, int height)
{
     ID = hashCode();
     // other initialization
    ...
}
 
public int getID()
{
    return ID;
}

I'm trying to as literal as I can in my interpretation of the assignment until I can get feedback from the instructor. That means that I was wondering if setting ID can be done without introducing into the code for Rectangle that is not explicitly written in RectangleTest. If this cannot be done, I will happily add more methods or parameters to Rectangle. I would just like to see it can be done with all of the restrictions I have set for myself in the absence of guidance from my instructor.

[cosecant]

You just need a non-static final variable.

[mjpam]

Is there a way to intialize the final variable with each instantiation of class without having to add an argument to the constructor?

[Norm]

Would the variable get the same value for all instances? If not, where would it get the unique value from?

[mjpam]

Would the variable get the same value for all instances?

No, it has to be different for each instance.

If not, where would it get the unique value from?

It would make sense that it would get the value from the constructor, but the constructor call in the pre-written test class is written as:

Rectangle r1=new Rectangle(30,40);

where a constructor with two arguments takes the length first and then the width; there is no other initializer. i was just seeing if I could possibly initialize the final variable without having to change the constructor calls in the test class.

Is this possible?

[Norm]

Yes, you can assign the final variable a value in the constructor. How/where do you get the value?

To get a unique value for each constructor, have a private static int that you increment each time you use it to assign a new value to the final variable.

[helloworld922]

Alternatively, you can generate random numbers for the ID. However, do note that this method is not guaranteed to give you a unique ID every time.

If you want a completely unique number, I believe the default object hashCode() method will do just fine since it gives you the object's memory address (and two different objects can't reside in the same memory spot).

[bbr201]

Unless if I am not understanding the question, it seems like the easiest way is to have a static variable that you increment in the constructor. How about something like this?

class A {
 
private static int currentID = 1;
final int ID;
 
public A () {
ID = currentID++;
}
 
}

[helloworld922]

mm, I think this is the easiest method but that method is very simple too

public A(){
    ID = hashCode();
 
}

The only thing you have to be careful of is if you ever choose to override the hashCode() function (it will still work, but always generating a unique number will be impractical).